Abstract 

Lithium-ion batteries are prone to internal short-circuits and subsequent thermal runaway under compression and impact loads during electric vehicle crashes, posing a critical safety challenge for the industry. However, existing studies lack systematic comparative nalysis between quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. In this study, ternary pouch lithium-ion batteries were used as research objects. A test platform for the synchronous acquisition of mechanical load, electrical voltage and thermal temperature was established. Quasi-static compression and drop-weight impact tests were conducted to investigate the effects of indenter diameter, impact velocity and state of charge (SOC) on the multiphysics responses of batteries. The results show significant differences in failure modes between the two loading conditions: quasi-static loading causes progressive plastic deformation and stable short-circuit voltage decay, while dynamic loading is likely to induce brittle shear fracture and soft short-circuit voltage rebound. Dynamic loading reduces peak load by 61.5% and raises peak temperature by up to 46.7%, while also decreasing failure displacement and advancing time-to-peak. Additionally, a high SOC (50% and 100%) alters the heat-release pathway during thermal runaway, leading to deviations in surface temperature measurements. These findings provide critical experimental support for the rash safety design of power batteries and the formulation of thermal runaway prevention and control strategies.

Keywords: pouch lithium-ion battery; quasi-static compression; dynamic impact; failure mode; thermal runaway

相关链接：

https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12060211